Athlone South (), also called South Athlone, is a barony in County Roscommon, Ireland. Baronies were mainly cadastre rather than administrative units. They acquired modest local taxation and spending functions in the 19th century before being superseded by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
Athlone barony was anciently ruled by the Ó Ceallaigh (O'Kellys), princes of Uí Maine. The Ó Fallúin (O'Fallons) were also a powerful family. It was created from the early medieval cantred of Tyrmany (Tír Maine), and by 1585 it was known as O'Kelly's Country. By the 18th and 19th centuries, it was the seat of the Kellys, Mitchells and Cootes.
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